Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.
A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
In-Text Citation or References List
Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list.
Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list, since they are not a published source.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL
Note about hyperlinks:
It is acceptable for hyperlinks to be blue and underlined (live) or black without underlining.
All hyperlinks must include https://
| Example |
Kunka, J.L. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint presentation]. Purdue University Writing Lab Website. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/pp/index.html#presentations |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Author's Last Name, Year) Example: (Kunka, n.d.) Note: When no date is given, use the initials "n.d." where you'd normally put the date. |
| In-Text Quote |
(Author's Last Name, Year, slide slide number) Example: (Kunka, n.d., slide 10) Note: When no date is given, use the initials "n.d." where you'd normally put the date. Note: APA does not provide specific rules for direct quoting of PowerPoint slides. We recommend giving the slide number. |
Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout: Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.
| Example |
Wood, D. (2013). Laboratory safety overview [Class handout]. Columbia College, BIO173. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Instructor's Last Name, Year) Example: (Wood, 2013) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Instructor's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number) Example: (Wood, 2013, p. 1) |
Note: Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.
(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)
| Example |
"Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2012) |
| Example |
Note: If the name of the person who was interviewed is mentioned in the sentence leading into the quote or paraphrased content, you do not need to repeat it in the in-text citation. J.D. Black explained that "infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (personal communication, May 30, 2012). |